The summit was occupied by a volcanic rock dome facing south and southwest from the Pasarbubar crater. the bottom of the crater was at a depth 100-130 m from crater rim. it's potential that generation of the crater results from the 1768 eruption. A dome within the crater shaped in 1786, eighteen years when the 1768’s eruption.
1821
In 1797, the summit crater was crammed with viscous volcanic rock, that designed a brand new dome. The dome formation lasted till 1822.
1822-1823
Eruption was preceded by a giant earthquake felt at many places in Java. the primary explosion occurred inDecember twenty seven, 1822 at 09.00, that crystal rectifier to a attack in 2 and 3 days later. a robust explosion destroyed the west a part of the summit. Ashfall happened at Boyolali, Muntilan and Magelang. a brand new crater of 600 m wide shaped, opened in 3 directions: Apu, Blongkeng and Woro. Pyroclastic flows swept Apu, Lamat, Blongkeng, Batang, Gendol and Woro rivers. The explosion ceased in Gregorian calendar month ten, 1823. manydays when, rain triggered lahars that transferred hot material from pyroclastic flows. At middle of Gregorian calendar month 1823, a brand new dome began to type within the crater whereas created volcanic rock flow through the breach of Blongkeng.
1832 - 1835
In December twenty five, 1832 regarding hour, Associate in Nursing explosion crushed the west a part of the 1823’s dome and made pyroclastic flow to the direction of Blongkeng and Lamat rivers. This explosion resulted in an exceedingly new tiny crater on the dome. volcanic rock stuffed this crater and coated the remainder of the dome. Some earthquakes occurring throughout this era triggered pyroclastic flows ("awan panas guguran") originating fromimplosion of the dome. Later, the pyroclastic deposit were coated by volcanic rock flows. the largest pyroclastic flow shaped once a half the dome collapse.
1837-1838
The similar eruption to the in 1832-1835 one started in Gregorian calendar month ten, 1837. the majority themerchandise of 1832-1835 eruption were blown. a brand new crater shaped to the west, adjacent to the last crater. Eruption stopped in Gregorian calendar month 1838, departure a morphology the same as those from the 1832-1835’s eruption.
1846-1847
In Sept a pair of, 1846 at 10:00 am, a giant explosion generated a brown ash cloud. it absolutely was followed then by a series of explosions. The explosion created a brand new crater facing south -southeast. The dome of 1837-1838 acted as a barrier in order that pyroclastic flows were directed to the south through Woro and Gendol. The westa part of the summit didn't amendment. The eruption was concluded by a dome formation within the crater and a few volcanic rock flows to the east flank. The cycle of the eruption stopped in Gregorian calendar month 1847.
1848
It is supposed that there was Associate in Nursing eruption in Gregorian calendar month eight, 1848. Associate in Nursing explosion sound was detected, but cloud coated the summit, prevented from visual confirmation.
1849
In Gregorian calendar month twenty six 1849, a robust vertical explosion occurred, followed by pyroclastic flows. The volcano came to the calm state till Sept 1949. A series of robust explosion happened in Sept fourteen andfifteen, 1949 originated from the west a part of the summit. Ash deposit was regarding three cm thick at Muntilan and one cm thick in Magelang (25 km). The summit was destroyed. Blongkeng watercourse was fully coated by pyroclastic flow deposits. In Sept 1849, the last explosion of the cycle occurred. A crater of four hundred m wide and 250 m deep shaped.
1862-1864
The situation was an equivalent as within the amount of 1768-1786. when a repose amount of thirteen year,volcanic rock effuse from the 1849’s crater to west direction. In July 1863, some explosions generated 3 craters.one in all them was settled within the southeast a part of the summit to the north adjacent to the middle of activity of 1846. many pyroclastic flows propagated on the west slope whereas volcanic rock continuing to effuse filing the 1849’s crater and forming a brand new dome. The dome grew till 1864. throughout dome formation, some "awan panas guguran" occurred.
1865-1867
In Gregorian calendar month 1865, some explosions destroyed a part of the summit making a horseshoe formedcrater. within the new crater a brand new dome grew. At Associate in Nursing altitude of 2300 m within theupstream of Blongkeng watercourse, a brand new crater shaped with a lateral dome. volcanic rock flow continuetill 1867.
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1869
In might 1869, a volcanic rock flow occurred in Blongkeng region. within the 1865’s crater the dome grew and cascaded crater walls. It reached Associate in Nursing altitude of 2907 m. many "awan panas guguran" originated from it. Eruption ceased within the finish of 1869.
1872
In Gregorian calendar month fifteen, 1872 the largest explosion ever notable started. There was no preliminarysection and eruption began with a series of robust explosions. a giant crater "Mesjidanlama" shaped with 3breaches: Blongkeng, Woro, Gendol. Pyroclastic flows came out from these 3 breaches. Some pyroclastic flows passed conjointly in Apu, Trising and Senowo rivers. All villages one thousand m altitude were destroyed by pyroclastic falls. Explosive section lasted in 5 days. In November three and four, 1872, some new explosions generated ashfalls.
1878-1879
Two explosive eruptions emitted blocks falling down within the crater of 1872.
1883
In the starting of 1883, a dome was born within the 1872’s crater. It continuing to grow till 1885. within the finishof the dome formation dome elevation had inflated from 2900m to 2911 m.
1888
The dome restarted to develop, in the middle of attraction avalanches and flows to northwest direction.
1891-1894
There was a growth of the present dome in the middle of avalanches. many explosions occurred generating "falls".
1902-1906
In the finish of 1902, a robust fumarolic activity preceded a quick dome formation within the north and northeast of the summit. Later, it absolutely was referred to as "G.Anyar" (new hill) (or East Dome).
1903:
The first stage was dominated by a series of explosion generating ash falls within the east flank. The outflow rate ofvolcanic rock inflated in order that some attraction avalanches shaped through the Woro breach to Woro and Opak rivers. The advance of rock below the solid higher a part of the dome resulted in tiny explosions and pyroclastic flows. The explosion frequency increase till the start of 1904.
1904:
After a remainder of many days, in Gregorian calendar month twenty three, 1904 a primary explosion started, generating ashfalls and lapillis till Boyolali. This explosion was preceded by Associate in Nursing earthquakes. Aattack explosion occurred in Gregorian calendar month thirty, 1904 destroying the jap a part of Gunung Anyar and reformed the Woro breach. This
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1905:
A new eruption restarted, the same as however smaller than that of 1904. In June 1905, it generated a pyroclastic flow to a remote of four klick on Woro watercourse. Then, the volcano came to calm state.
1906:
In the finish of Gregorian calendar month, there have been some tiny explosions from on top of the Woro breach. Eruption became a lot of and a lot of frequent and stronger and stronger. This crystal rectifier to a robustexplosion in Gregorian calendar month twenty eight, 1906. Pyroclastic flow open the Woro breach from whereverlava-flow originated. This flow coated 1904-1905’s merchandise. In May, a H2O explosion made a depression on thevolcanic rock result wherever 2 slag cones shaped.
1909-1913
The volcanic activity shifted to the northwest sector of the summit. In Gregorian calendar month one, 1909, aharmful explosion generated a crater of medium size compared to those of 1822 and 1872. Pyroclastic falls happened within the northwest slope. In 1911, a dome formation started that is termed as West Dome to differentiate from East Dome (Gunung Anyar), the merchandise of 1902. In 1913, the dome was fifty eight m on top of and part coated the East dome. It culminated at Associate in Nursing elevation of 2968m. It extended laterally to northwest orientation. The eruption stopped in might 1913.
1915
From March twenty eight to might fifteen, a brand new cycle restarted, initiated with a minor explosion. The cycle was terminated by a filling of the resulted crater with quantity of viscous volcanic rock.
1920-1924
In July 25, 1920, Associate in Nursing explosion destroyed the higher a part of the West dome in an exceedinglystyle of horseshoe formed depression. therein position born a brand new dome that then was exploded inGregorian calendar month 1921. The West Dome, that partly unsound by the 1921 eruption reformed. InGregorian calendar month eighteen, a series of explosion created alittle breach within the west a part of the West dome that allowed volcanic rock to flow through. The volcanic rock flow stopped in August eight, 1922. the middleof the volcanic rock extrusion was to the west adjacent to the purpose wherever the West dome was born.
1930-1931
Preliminary phases consisted of look of tremors recorded at Maron, nine klick from the volcano mistreatmentBosch-Omori measuring instrument put in in Gregorian calendar month 1924. Tremor occurred at the majorityon 1930. a robust tremor preceded the primary volcanic rock flow in November twenty one, 1930. volcanic rockappeared at 2700m elevation, 250m below the summit. The attack phenomena occurred in December eighteen andnineteen, 1930 in an exceedingly style of robust explosions and pyroclastic flows. The strongest pyroclastic flow reached a distance of fifteen klick on Blongkeng watercourse. regarding twenty km2 of space was burned. 13(13) villages were swept fully, twenty three were partly. regarding 1369 persons were killed, and 2000 animals died. a large depression was created within the west a part of the summit.
It has a couple of length of 850 m in an exceedingly east-west orientation and a most depth of 850 m. Depressionextended from the summit to Associate in Nursing elevation of 2150 m, so regarding 700 m of altitude distinction. In Gregorian calendar month 1931, a effusive section started. volcanic rock came out from the foremost highera part of Depression. because of the morphology of Depression, volcanic rock designed a dome of "coulee"kind whereas manufacturing glowing avalanches. The avalanches increase within the range in June and July. Eruptive activity stopped within the middle of Sept 1931.
1933-1935
In Gregorian calendar month one, 1933, Associate in Nursing explosive eruption made {a tiny|alittle|atiny low} crater and generated small pyroclastic flows. In 1934, the volcanic rock crept on the little crater forming a dome. The activity stopped in Gregorian calendar month 1935.
1939-1940
Three "ultra vulcanian" explosion occurred in December thirteen and twenty three, 1939 and in Gregorian calendar month twenty four, 1940 from the higher a part of the 1930’s dome. Then volcanic rock came out from the explosion depression forming a dome with none related to avalanches. The dome stuffed fully Depression in August 1940. within the finish of 1940 and in Gregorian calendar month 1941, the middle of the dome highbated because of the lowering temperature.
1942-1943
Three explosions occurred in might thirty 1942, June eight and twenty, 1942. one in all the explosions passedwithin the north a part of the crater. The others were settled within the southeast half. a brand new dome was born within the west par of the 1940’s dome and it grew till March 1943. From March five to Gregorian calendar month eleven, 1943, some explosions produce the Batang breach. within the night of Gregorian calendar montheleven a loud sound of regarding a pair of hours was detected. About 130.000m3 of ash emitted. In Gregorian calendar month twelve, 1943, effusion started through the Batang breach in the middle of volcanic rock and pyroclastic flows. within the finish of the activity, in might 1943, it absolutely was calculable that the volcanic rock volume extruded was regarding a pair of million money supply.
1944-1945
Several explosions were inferred from seismogram. Possibly, it absolutely was solely a continuation of the 1943 cycle in an exceedingly style of a dome growth.
1948-1949
n Michaelmas Day, 1948, Associate in Nursing explosion happened and initiated a dome formation. The resulted dome was in an exceedingly style of "coulee".
1953
In March 2, 1953, ash fall coated the slope of the volcano. volcanic rock extrusion occurred within the north flank of the summit.
1954-1955
In June 18, 21, 1954, a series of explosions generated ash cloud and ash falls. Pyroclastic flow swept the north slope killing sixty four persons. A flow of volcanic rock coated the higher a part of the 1953’s dome. The eruption ceased in 1955.
1956
An explosion initiated Associate in Nursing eruptive section that then followed by volcanic rock flow within thenorth flank superposing those of 1953 and of 1954.
1957-1959
An explosion occurred within the southern a part of the 1930’s crater. It created Associate in Nursing ash plume.volcanic rock flow shaped a "coulee" dome extending to the west and coated those of 1931 and 1934. Dome formation lasted till 1959.
1961
After a repose amount of two years, activity restarted in Christian holy day, 1961. till Gregorian calendar montheleven, 1961, pyroclastic flows capable Batang breach. therein day, Associate in Nursing incandescent volcanic rock was determined indicating that it absolutely was a brand new volcanic rock. The second purpose of the activity was settled within the center of the 1957’s volcanic rock extrusion. It made avalanches to the Senowowatercourse. one in all the pyroclastic flow reached half dozen klick on Batang and Senowo rivers. In Gregorian calendar month eighteen, 1961, a 6,5 klick pyroclastic flow occurred in Batang watercourse, destroyed a villagepartly. In Gregorian calendar month twenty, 1961, Associate in Nursing explosion opened the crater near the Batang breach and made a cloud of one klick high. In May 7, 1961 throughout twenty minutes incandescentvolcanic rock was projected to one hundred fifty m high to the Batang upstream. Hot ash fall continuing on the day. Some pyroclactic flows were conjointly in Senowo, Woro and Gendol directions. The attack explosion occurred in might eight, 1961 at 15.00 o’clock. within the next day, the strongest explosion lasted for regarding half-hourand generated a pyroclastic flow till twelve klick on Batang watercourse. when the attack section, activity step by step bated in an exceedingly style of effusive volcanic rock outflow. a brand new dome of regarding two hundred.000 money supply occupied the resulted crater. Dome formation continuing till November 1961. the overall volume of volcanic rock extruded throughout the cycle was calculable regarding thirteen million money supply.
1967-1968
In Gregorian calendar month twelve, March 3, Gregorian calendar month eleven and seventeen, 1967, somesequential explosion widened the 1961’s crater. Pyroclastic flows passed in Batang watercourse. In Gregorian calendar month ten, 1967 a brand new dome appeared within the crater at Associate in Nursing altitude of 2600 m. In might 1968, the "coulee" dome had a length of 900 m with a volume of five.9 million money supply.throughout a dome formation there was a median volcanic rock flux regarding twenty eight.000 m3/day.
1969-1970
In the morning of Gregorian calendar month seven, 1969, Associate in Nursing explosion generated a explosion column of regarding 3000 m and pyroclastic flow up to seven klick to the Batang and Krasak rivers. future day, tremor and earthquakes occurred ofttimes. Explosion sound was detected till Yogyakarta. Pyroclastic flows earnedeight klick in Bebeng and Blongkeng watercourse and thirteen klick in Batang watercourse. The 1967’s dome wasfully blown. In Gregorian calendar month 1969, a brand new dome appeared. Incandescent avalanches occurredeach ten minutes, up to 2 km. The dome incorporates a length of regarding 400-m and a breadth of a hundred twenty five m.
1972-1973
In Gregorian calendar month half dozen, 1972 at 07:30, a gas explosion turn out a column of 3000 m high in the middle of lightning. Ash deposit was regarding one.5 millimeter in Babadan, four klick from the summit. InDecember thirteen, 1972, a brand new explosion turn out a column of seven00 m high and ash fall till 7.5 klickfrom the summit. In June 1973, emitted material was calculable to be four million money supply. Eruption ceasedwithin the starting of 1974.
1976-1978
Before the eruptive explosion, there was Associate in Nursing existing dome of regarding one.4 million money supply. In March half dozen and twelve, 1976, pyroclastic flows reached a distance in Batang, Bebeng, Blongkeng rivers. Explosive eruption occurred in March 1976. In March 9, 1976, one third of the dome was destroyed. In June1976 a brand new dome was born in an exceedingly crater with a volume of twenty.000 m3. The dome continuingto grow till 1978 that finally earned a volume of two.5 million money supply.
1979-1984
In Gregorian calendar month 1979, a series of explosion destroyed partly the 1976’s dome and a brand new oneshaped on the remainder of the 1973’s and 1976’s domes. In August the last pyroclastic flow reached a distance ofhalf dozen klick. In Gregorian calendar month the dome had a height of regarding 100m. It earned a volume ofone.14 million money supply in November 1979. the common flux of volcanic rock outflow was regarding a hundred.000 m3/month. The dome continuing to grow till 1984 with alittle rate.
1984
This was the primary explosion monitored by the permanent seismal network. the primary earthquakes of VA kindoccurred in might twenty seven 1984, but 3 week before the explosion. the amount of VA Associate in NursingVB events began to increase in June five 1984, with regarding one to 2 events per day till June ten, 1984. In June 11, 1984 VA and VB inflated powerfully that result in the primary pyroclastic flow in June thirteen, 1984 03.30 a.m.. throughout three hours-uninterrupted pyroclastic flows and avalanches from the dome continuing. regardinghigh noon of day, 1984, activity ceased. till hour, there have been solely many tiny avalanches.
A strong explosion occurred in June fifteen, 1984 at 02.15 am., terminating the repose section. It made a pyroclastic flows on Blongkeng, Putih, Batang and Krasak rivers. within the watercourse Putih, it earned regarding sevenklick from the summit. The explosion column was half dozen klick and generated ash falls till Weleri, dye and city,eighty klick from the volcano. The second and also the third explosion happened at 03.47 am. and 06.00 am,severally. Activity continuing with tiny pyroclastic flow and incandescent avalanches. within the night of Junefifteen, it absolutely was confirmed that the crater had been empty. this implies that the remainder of the 1979 dome, 3.6 million money supply had been fully thrown out. Post-explosion activity was dominated by volcanic rockflow throughout ten days that then followed by a dome formation. The new dome occupied the position of that of 1979. The dome formation ceased in March 1985.
1986
The 1984’s dome stayed stable till Gregorian calendar month 1986. In Gregorian calendar month ten, 1986 suddenly a pyroclastic flows occurred preceded by a robust rain within the summit. There was no seismalprecursors during this activity. throughout five days, pyroclastic flows continuing to happen. In Gregorian calendar month fifteen, 1986, the dome grew till the tip of 1987. Between Gregorian calendar month 1986 andGregorian calendar month 1987, the entire body of the dome amendment with a median flux of volcanic rock wasregarding fifteen.000 m3/day. when Gregorian calendar month 1987, solely the higher a part of the dome grew.once it stopped growing, it absolutely was calculable that it’s volume was regarding a pair of.5 million money supply.
1989-1992
After the disappearance throughout four years since June fifteen, 1984, a pair of VA earthquakes earthquake occurred in 1988. In 1989 there, seismal activity remained unimportant, solely regarding four events per month. In 1990, the amount of seismal event step by step inflated that crystal rectifier to a swarm of two hundred VB event related to a gas column of one klick high from the crater. In 1991, the majority styles of Merapi earthquakes appeared: VA, VB, low frequency and tremor. It culminated in Sept 1991 with none necessary volcanic activity.throughout four months from Gregorian calendar month 1991 to Gregorian calendar month 1992, the amountof earthquakes lowered . Observers in Ngepos Associate in Nursingd Babadan posts reported that an incandescent avalanche occur in Gregorian calendar month twenty, 1992. In Gregorian calendar month thirty one, 1992, a visible team climbed the summit and saw that a brand new rounded dome was born within thenortheastern a part of the crater behind that of 1986. Explosion started in day at sixteen.05, preceded by many tinypyroclastic flows.
It made Associate in Nursing ash column of two.6 klick high and was in the middle of a pyroclastic flow of four.5klick long in Saturday watercourse. Explosive ceased at twenty two.30. The activity amendment to a dome formation, 1992’s dome, till July 1993.
1994
The activity in 1994 are often distinguished in 5 sequential steps.
1.creep of volcanic rock block within the higher a part of the 1992’s dome. About 90.000 money supply of volcanic rock crept to sou'-sou'-west with a lateral speed of zero.18 m/day in December 1993. In Gregorian calendar month 1994 it accelerated to zero.5 m/day.
2.born of 1994 dome. In Gregorian calendar month 1994, a brand new volcanic rock was determined settledwithin the high of 1992’s dome within the fracture separating the active block from the stable a part of 1992’s dome. The new volcanic rock pushed the active block in order that some tiny pyroclastic flows shaped from the collapse of the block from March nine to Gregorian calendar month eight, 1994. They traveled largely in Bebengwatercourse up to one.7 km. till might 1994, the speed of the new volcanic rock was regarding 6500 m3/day.
3.From might to June 1994, the volcanic rock flux inflated to seventeen.000 m3/day in average. within the amountof July-August 1994 the dome formation continuing with a rather tiny rate than that in June 1994. it absolutely wasfound then, that the dome had reached the jap rim of crater, and a few of then cascaded to the Gendol solfatara field.within the finish of Sept 1994, the dome’s volume was regarding a pair of.5 million money supply. The dome became stable throughout 3 months that was indicated by disappearance of Guguran (rockfalls or avalanches).despite the fact that there have been many MP events, the morphology of the dome didn't show any changes.
4.collapse of the 1994’s dome. nearly the entire of the dome folded in November twenty two, 1994, manufacturingpyroclastic flow on Boyong watercourse up to six klick from the summit. the village of Turgo was burned by the newcloud. The village had ne'er been touched by any pyroclastic since many years.
5.A new dome formation replaced the collapsing dome. Later, it's referred to as because the 1995’s dome
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