Agung volcano activity history is not very well known. Historical records of eruptions began to appear in 1808. When the eruption is accompanied by steam and volcanic ash occur. The volcanic activity continued in 1821, but no record of it. In 1843, Mount Agung erupted again preceded by a number of earthquakes. The eruption also produced a volcanic ash, sand, and pumice.
Since the year 120, new in 1963 Mount Agung erupted again and produce a result that is very damaging. Based on the book written in 1979 Kusumadinata earthquakes before the eruption of the volcano is still active occurred on February 16 to 18, 1963. The earthquake is felt and heard by the people who live in the vicinity of Mount Agung.
Beginning of the eruption occurred on 19 to 26 February 1963. At the eruption occurred, some small boulders fall in Besakih which is located about 6 km southwest of the scene. Ashfall was also reported in the village of Rendang and Strait region that is located in the south of Mount Agung.
Lava flow started to occur and go down to the river Barak Power and located in the southern slopes of Mount Agung. The eruption of the mountain is also followed by a rain of lava that destroyed the main roads in the north of the camp and Tianyar. Since February 1963, on the night, lava flows into the northern slope towards the river Barak. Eruptions and natural events that ended in mid-March this raises the lava trail along 7 miles.
It turns out that the eruption of Mount Agung is still continuing on March 17, 1963, the effect is even more dangerous again. With successive eruption begins on the evening of March 16, the eruption increase in frequency is accompanied by clumps of larger eruption. Nearly 10 hours of the ongoing process by issuing a smoldering chunks of rock and heavy ashfall. Lava flows back occurs continuously.
Boulder-glowing in the darkness of the night between 5-8 cm in diameter sprayed in all directions as far as 6 miles from the crater. Output in the form of sand and ash that blanketed Mount Agung when it reaches 10-40 cm thick. Outputs are mostly distributed in the west of the mountain because the wind is blowing from the east to southeast.
On May 16, re-eruption that began with a small eruption weak and slow but eventually bigger and stronger. The incident occurred about four hours. Six rivers flowing lava flows that exist in the area of Mount Agung on the south slope and the two rivers on the north slope.
Burning rocks with a diameter of 10-15 cm sprayed in all directions as far as 6 miles from the crater. Even this time the thickness of the ash that covered Mount Agung reach about 1 meter. After May 16, several lava flows still occur. The activity decreases with time until the end of 1963.
As a result of the eruption of Mount Agung is at least 1,148 people were killed and 296 were injured. Details of the death toll was 820 people died from the lava flow, 163 died as a blast of rock and ash, and 165 people were killed by lava. In addition to a thousand more people were killed, the eruption also damaged hundreds of hectares of farmland and forest.
Activity Mount Agung
According Daryono, S.Si., M.Sc., an employee of the Great Hall of Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMG) Denpasar, the outbreak of the eruption of Mount Agung issue unwarranted. Therefore, there is no report from the Department of Volcanology of the symptoms increased activity of Mount Agung.
In volcanic, sulfur smoke out of the crater is actually a natural and normal thing to remember Mount Agung volcano is still active. Wherever they are in this world all the volcanoes are still active will emit sulfur fumes.
In the science of volcanology, in general, the early symptoms of a volcanic eruption of the most basic is the presence of mechanical vibrations are recorded as a result of rising magma tremors vibration to the surface.
Another symptom is the presence of volcanic deformation of the body in the form of the body swelling of volcanoes, including the change in slope which can be monitored with special instruments. Physically also observable symptoms such as increased discharge hydrothermal hot springs, increased discharge of steam fumaroles, hot springs rise in temperature and the presence of chemical changes such as an increase in the content of SO2 or H2S.
To declare that a volcano is in danger and there will be an eruption is not easy, because it must go through the stages and monitoring procedures physically and visually intensive enough. Monitoring volcanic hazard conditions necessary for states to use several methods to determine the location, type and magnitude of activities.
Activities such as volcanic seismicity abnormal (unusual) can be expected to lead to an eruption. If so, a variety of studies monitoring and scientific investigations that support for eruption forecasting can be done more accurately.
Such studies should be designed to illustrate the epicenter, determine the location and speed of deformation determine whether there is the body of magma in the upper layers of the earth's crust. The more quality, and various types of data obtained has come closer to a more correct interpretation of the results.
In general, seismic monitoring is the main tool in monitoring the volcano. In order to get the information the possibility of large eruptions of relatively shallow magma chamber need to use a series of seismometers. If the layout can hiposenternya well known, the magma body shape can be determined based on the seismicity around him.
Visual observation consists of high observation of smoke, solfatar temperature, water temperature and water temperature hot crater. So if there is a striking change from the visual observations need to be aware of. However, all these early symptoms, none occurred on Mount Agung erupted rumored to be so excited by the wider community in Bali.
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