Galunggung Eruption in 1822,1894,1918, and 1982

Location: Java, Indonesia
Latitude and Longitude: 7:25 S, 108.05 E
Elevation: 2.168 m7154 ft)
Volcanoes Type: stratovolcano
Earliest Eruption: 1822, VEI = 5
Oldest Historic Eruption: 1822, VEI = 5
Most Recent Eruption: 1984, VEI = 2
Number of Eruptions in 20th Century: 3
Largest Eruption: 1822, VEI = 5; 1982, VEI = 4; 35 deaths
Notable Feature (s): Volcanic lightning

galunggung crater

Galunggung is a volcano with a height of 2,167 meters above sea level, located about 17 km from the center of the town of Tasikmalaya. There are several tourist attraction offered include tourist attraction and fascination wanawisata with an area of approximately 120 hectares under management Perum Perhutani. Other objects of approximately 3 acres in the form of hot water bath (Cipanas) complete with swimming pool, showers and soaking tubs of hot water.
Galunggung have Montane Forests 1200-1500 meters and Forest Ericaceous more than 1,500 meters.

The eruption in 1822

Recorded Galunggung had erupted in 1822. The early signs are known eruption in July 1822, where the water becomes turbid and muddy Cikunir.

to the top

Test results showed that the water was murky crater is hot and sometimes appear in the column of smoke from the crater.
Then on October 8 s.d. October 12, eruptions produce reddish sand rain very hot, fine ash, hot clouds and lava.
Lava flow moves to the southeast following the streams. The eruption killed 4,011 people and destroyed 114 villages, with land degradation to the east and south as far as 40 km from the summit of the mountain.

2. Eruption 1894

Eruption next Galunggung occurred in 1894.
Between October 7-9, eruptions that produce heat clouds.

Then on September 27 and October 30, there was lava flowing on the same river flow lava eruptions produced in 1822.This eruption destroys 50 villages, most of the house collapsed not because of the eruption directly, but are crushed by heavy ashfall.

3. Eruption 1918

In 1918, at the beginning of July, the next eruption occurs, preceded by earthquakes.

Eruption on July 6, this results in 2-5 mm thick ash limited in the crater and the southern slope.

And on July 9, recorded appearance of the lava dome inside the crater lake 85m tall with a size of 560 × 440 m were then called Mount so.

4. The eruption of 1982

The last eruption occurred on May 5, 1982 accompanied by the sound boom, glowing fire, and flashes of lightning. Eruption activity lasted for 9 months and ended on January 8, 1983.

1982 eruption

During the period of this eruption, about 18 people died, mostly due to indirect causes (traffic accidents, old age, cold and lack of food). Estimated loss of about USD 1 billion and 22 villages have been left without inhabitants.

Eruption during this period has also led to changes in the map area in a radius of about 20 km from the crater Galunggung, which includes Indihiang District, District and Sub-District Sukaratu Leuwisari.

Change the map of the region is mostly caused by the interruption of the road network and streams as well as the settlement area due to the abundance of cold lava flow of material in the form of rock-gravel-sand.
In the post-eruption period (ie circa 1984-1990) was a period of rehabilitation of disaster areas, namely to restructure the road network is disconnected.

Do dredging mud / sand on some streams and irrigation (especially Cikunten I), then the construction of check dams (cold lava pockets) in the area Sinagar as a 'fortress' safety abundance of cold lava flood into the area of ​​Tasikmalaya.

At that time also made use of sand exploitation Galunggung are considered qualified for the building and construction materials highway.

In the years since then until now the Galunggung sand dredging business is growing, even in early development (approximately 1984-1985) built a network of roads Railway Station KA Indihiang (Kp. Cibungkul-Parakanhonje) to check dam Sinagar as a special line to transport sand from Galunggung to Jakarta.

The explosion also makes British Airways Flight 009 faltered, in the middle of the road